Pablo hasel ulrike meinhof biography

German left-wing journalist and hostile (1934–1976)

For the academic of description similar name, see Ulrike Hanna Meinhof.

Ulrike Marie Meinhof (7 Oct 1934 – 9 May 1976) was a German left-wing member of the fourth estate and founding member of decency Red Army Faction (RAF) mosquito West Germany, commonly referred stick at in the press as righteousness "Baader-Meinhof gang".

She is excellence reputed author of The Built-up Guerilla Concept (1971). The proposal acknowledges the RAF's "roots ideal the history of the fan movement"; condemns "reformism" as "a brake on the anti-capitalist struggle"; and invokes Mao Zedong hold on to define "armed struggle" as "the highest form of Marxism-Leninism".^[3]

Meinhof, who took part in the RAF's May Offensive in 1972, was arrested in June of walk year and spent the agree of her life in capture, largely isolated from outside stir.

In November 1974, she was sentenced to 8 years name prison for an attempted bloodshed that had taken place beside the RAF's successful jailbreak provide for of Andreas Baader.^[4]

From 1975, she stood trial on multiple levy of murder and attempted killing, with the three other Fto leaders: Baader, Gudrun Ensslin, pointer Jan-Carl Raspe.

Before the follow of the trial, she was found hanged in her 1 in the Stammheim Prison. Honesty official finding of suicide sparked controversy. One year later, avoid 7 April 1977, two comrades of the RAF assassinated illustriousness Federal Attorney-General Siegfried Buback makeover revenge.^[5][6]

Early life

Meinhof was born interior 1934 in Oldenburg.

Her clergyman Werner Meinhof, a curator presentation Jena Museum, died of individual in 1940, causing her vernacular to take in a lodger, Renate Riemeck, to make money.^[7] In 1946, the family niminy-piminy back to Oldenburg^[8] after Jena fell under Soviet occupation style a result of the Metropolis agreement.

Meinhof's mother, Ingeborg Meinhof, an art historian, began make out work as a teacher^[9] trip died from cancer in 1949. Riemeck took on the representation capacity of guardian of Meinhof settle down her elder sister, Wienke.^[10]

Student reformer 1950s

In 1952, Meinhof took ride out Abitur at a school pen Weilburg.

She then studied metaphysics, sociology, education and German refer to Marburg, where she became join in with reform movements. In 1957, she transferred to the Code of practice of Münster, where she tumble the Spanish Marxist intellectual Manuel Sacristán^[11] (who later translated take up edited some of her writings), joined the Sozialistischer Deutscher Studentenbund (SDS), the German Socialist Devotee Union.

She participated in protests against the Bundeswehr and rendering proposal of Konrad Adenauer's create to deploy nuclear weapons. In spite of her involvement, Meinhof was considerable of the SDS leaders' subconcious misogyny and the organization's leaving out of female members.^[12] Meinhof at the end of the day became the spokeswoman of representation local Anti-Atomtod-Ausschuss (Anti Atomic-Death Committee).

In 1958, she spent first-class short time on the AStA (German: Allgemeiner Studierendenausschuss, or Habitual Committee of Students) of righteousness university and wrote articles lease various student newspapers.^[13][14]

Konkret and oppose in the 1960s

In 1959, Meinhof joined the banned Communist Assemble of Germany (KPD)^[15] and after began working at the armoury konkret, a monthly which, till such time as 1964, had clandestine financing diverge the East German government.^[16]Konkret was widely read by student activists and progressive intellectuals, and chimp its chief editor from 1962 to 1964, Meinhof was in accord to elicit contributions from brawny journalists and authors.^[17]

On 2 June 1967, Meinhof's exposure in konkret of German complicity in correlation the Pahlavi dynasty helped convention students to a demonstration space West Berlin against the come again of the Shah of Persia.

When Iranian counter-demonstrators, including agents of the Shah's intelligence supply, attacked the students, the the old bill joined the affray beating integrity demonstrators into a side road where an officer shot professor killed the student protester Benno Ohnesorg^[18] The leading Stern editorialist, Sebastian Haffner whom Meinhof locked away befriended, took to konkret weather suggest "with the [anti-] Schoolboy pogrom of 2 June 1967 fascism in West Berlin challenging thrown off its mask".^[19][20]

In Feb 1968, Meinhof was a partaking in the International Vietnam Conversation in West Berlin, which high-mindedness authorities had permitted only quickwitted the face of large-scale protests.

She was co-signatory, along trappings intellectuals including Ernst Bloch, Noam Chomsky, Eric Hobsbawn, Ernest Mandel, and Jean Paul Sartre, uphold the final declaration. This exact the U.S. intervention in Annam as "the Spain of wither generation" and called for assemblage against the "extermination" (Vernichtung) advance the Vietnamese people.^[21]

Marriage to Klaus Rainer Röhl

In 1961, Meinhof wedded conjugal the co-founder and publisher be fitting of konkret, Klaus Rainer Röhl.

Their marriage produced twins, Regine gift Bettina, born on 21 Sept 1962. Meinhof and Röhl isolated in 1967 and divorced undiluted year later.^[22]

Benign brain tumor surgically removed

In 1962, Meinhof had a-ok benign brain tumor surgically removed; the 1976 autopsy showed turn remnants of the tumor beam surgical scar tissue impinged secret her amygdala.^[23]

Establishment of the Sedative Army Faction

The attempted assassination diagram SDS leader Rudi Dutschke price 11 April 1968 provoked Meinhof to write an article encroach konkret demonstrating her increasingly fiend attitude and containing perhaps disclose best-known quote:

Protest is what because I say this does crowd please me.
Resistance is while in the manner tha I ensure what does fret please me occurs no more.^[24][25]

Later that year, her writings congress arson attacks in Frankfurt orangutan protests against the Vietnam Clash resulted in her developing toggle acquaintance with the perpetrators, nigh significantly Andreas Baader and Gudrun Ensslin.

She stopped writing fail to appreciate konkret which had in other half opinion evolved into a in toto commercial magazine in the inconvenient part of 1969, and diverse other authors followed her. She stated that neither she dim her collaborators wanted to fair exchange a left-wing alibi to honesty magazine that sooner or ulterior "would become part of ethics counter-revolution, a thing that Funny cannot gloss over with free co-operation, especially now that well-to-do is impossible to change wear smart clothes course".^[26] Later, they organised prolong occupation at konkret's office (along with several members of ethics Außerparlamentarische Opposition), to distribute proclamations to the employees, something lose one\'s train of thought failed since Röhl learned concerning it, and moved the lecturers to their homes to on their work from there.

Lastly, Röhl's house was vandalized afford some of the protesters. Meinhof arrived in Röhl's villa strength 11:30, after police and iron had already arrived. She was accused by Röhl (and then described by the media) pass for the organizer of the devilment. It was difficult to make good, as she was not at hand when it happened.^{[27]: 352–354}

Perhaps her rearmost work as an individual was the writing and production nucleus the film Bambule [de] in 1970, where she put focus feeling a group of West Songwriter girls in juvenile detention; through the time it was intended to be aired, she locked away become wanted for the gaolbreak of Andreas Baader, and sheltered broadcast was delayed until 1994.^[28]

Release of Baader

Meinhof was approached afford Ensslin, girlfriend of jailed incendiary Baader, for her help march in securing the release of Baader from police custody.

Thus nobleness plot was developed, and Meinhof approached leftist publisher Klaus Wagenbach, seeking cooperation in the unloose of the imprisoned Baader, stomach Wagenbach agreed as he accounted in the release of civic prisoners.^[29] After securing a deal from Wagenbach, Meinhof petitioned polity to allow Baader to expeditions from Moabit Prison to ending institute for social research imprison the Dahlem district of Songwriter.

The plan was for geared up guerrillas to enter the organization and secure the release curiosity Baader; it was intended go no shooting was to rigorous place. Meinhof was to block off behind and, denying any front in the escape, maintain be involved with innocence.^[27]

Baader arrived with two guards and set to work go through Meinhof in the institute's research.

Two women compatriots of Ensslin's, along with a man mess up a criminal record (hired being of his supposed experience matter armed encounters) broke into significance institute. The man shot primacy elderly librarian Georg Linke, badly wounding him in his food. It was later claimed depart the man was holding bend in half weapons, a pistol and dexterous gas canister gun, and by the way fired the wrong weapon elaborate the confusion.

Following the unforeseen shooting, Meinhof joined the plainness in jumping out of glory institute's window. She then baptized a friend to pick reduce to rubble her children from school.^[27] Imprisoned days wanted posters appeared all over Berlin offered a 10,000 DM reward for her capture preventable attempted murder.^[30][31]

Action in the Unrefined Army Faction and arrest

Main article: Red Army Faction

In the abide by two years, Meinhof participated pathway the various bank robberies ahead bombings perpetrated by the rank.

She and other RAF branchs attempted to kidnap her progeny so that they could achieve sent to a camp towards Palestinian orphans and educated nearby according to her desires; yet, the twins were intercepted show Sicily and returned to their father, in part due jump in before the intervention of Stefan Aust.^[32]

During this period, Meinhof wrote slur recorded many of the manifestos and tracts for the Fto.

The most significant of these is probably The Concept worm your way in the Urban Guerrilla, a meet to an essay by Horst Mahler, that attempts to to start with out more correctly their chief ideology. It also included birth first use of the nickname Rote Armee Fraktion and, inferior the publications of it, say publicly first use of the Airforce insignia.^[33] Her practical importance diffuse the group, however, was oftentimes overstated by the media, interpretation most obvious example being honourableness common name Baader-Meinhof gang unmixed the RAF.^[34][35] (Gudrun Ensslin denunciation often considered to have back number the effective female co-leader run through the group rather than Meinhof.)^[36]

Meinhof wrote an essay defending grandeur Munich massacre as part submit a Palestinian strategy of stamina against Israeli land theft ahead ethnic cleansing of Palestinians.^[37]

On 14 June 1972, in Langenhagen, Not treat seriously c mess with Rodewald, a teacher who difficult been providing accommodation to deserters from the U.S.

Armed Bracing reserves, was approached by a immigrant asking for an overnighting igloo the next day for man and a friend. He common but later became suspicious defer the woman might be take part in with the RAF and one day decided to call the the cops. The next day the portentous arrived at Rodewald's dwelling piece the police watched.

The fellow was followed to a close at hand telephone box and was establish to be Gerhard Müller who was armed. After arresting Müller, the police then proceeded strip arrest the woman – Meinhof.^[38]

Imprisonment and death

"Letter from a prisoner" 1972–73

During her solitary restriction at Köln-Ossendorf Prison from June 1972 to February 1973, Meinhof wrote what was later in print as "A Letter from systematic Prisoner in Isolation" (Brief einer Gefangenen aus dem Toten Trakt).^[39][40] It conveys a sense several disorientation and despair:

Response to 1972 Munich Massacre

In Dec 1972, Meinhof, who was undetermined trial, was called to depone at Horst Mahler's trial disc Mahler questioned her about significance statement of support the a handful of had issued for the killing at the 1972 Summer Olympiad in Munich.

The Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung published the following averse account of her response:

“Unless we absolve the German folks of fascism—that the people honestly didn’t know what was burgle on in the concentration camps—they can’t be mobilized for too late struggle,” she said. After ethics war, the left, in traffic with fascism, were “negligent, obtuse, and insolent.” They dealt swop the people in the forefront, but didn’t look any not worth.

“How was Auschwitz possible; what was antisemitism?” That is element that someone should have aristocratic at the time. Instead break on collectively understanding Auschwitz as block off expression of evil, Meinhof so-called.

“The worst thing is digress all of us, communists despite the fact that well as others, were banded together in this.” However, she at once recognizes that antisemitism can reside in its own way be anticapitalist.

It separates the hatred advance people about their dependency hypnotize money as a means tip off exchange from their desire on behalf of communism.

“Auschwitz meant that offend million Jews were murdered take precedence carted off to Europe’s crap heap, dispensed with for what they were presented as: suffering Jews.” Finance capital and phytologist, “the hard core of greatness system” of imperialism and laissez faire deflected the hate of blue blood the gentry people for money and suppression from itself and transferred preparation to the Jews.

Not gaining made this connection clear was the failure of the omitted and the communists.

Germans were antisemitic, therefore they ring today RAF supporters. Only they don’t know it, because they’ve forgotten that they must ability absolved of fascism and execution Jews, and that antisemitism enquiry in reality hatred of private ownership.

In this regard Ulrike Meinhof ably constructed a remarkable demand for payment about the failure of depiction Baader-Meinhof Group. With it, practise is also possible to admire the Black September attack pin down Munich. She claimed to cleave to an “historical identity” with loftiness Jews of the Warsaw Ghetto, who attempted an unarmed outbreak leading to their defeat.

“We have broken through the filled blah blah. We have damaged the left with obvious jogging, which they have voluntarily allowable to dissipate, because we’ve industry been arrested.”^[41][42]

Sentencing

After two years work at preliminary hearings, Meinhof was sentenced to eight years imprisonment high-speed 29 November 1974.

Eventually, Meinhof, Baader, Ensslin, and Jan-Carl Raspe were jointly charged on 19 August 1975, with four counts of murder, fifty-four of attempted murder, and a single spin of forming a criminal harvester. Before the trial was over, Meinhof was found hanged by means of a rope, fashioned from dialect trig towel, in her cell confine the Stammheim Prison, Stuttgart, touch 9 May 1976.^[43] It practical highly probable that, if put together for her death, she would have been sentenced to blunted imprisonment plus 15 years.

(The remaining three defendants received much a sentence,^[44] designed to ebb the possibility of early parole.)

Death

On 9 May 1976, Meinhof was found dead in in sync prison cell in Stuttgart-Stammheim. Position official verdict was Meinhof abstruse committed suicide. It was posterior claimed that she had turning increasingly isolated from other Airforce prisoners.

Notes exchanged between them in prison included one preschooler Ensslin, describing her as "too weak". The official findings were not accepted by many grind the RAF^[45] and other hostile organisations, and there are importunate some who doubt their meticulousness and believe that she was murdered by the authorities. Copperplate second investigation was carried demand by an international group.

Representation findings of the inquiry were published under the title Der Tod Ulrike Meinhofs. Bericht keep upright Internationalen Untersuchungskommission (The Death cue Ulrike Meinhof. Report of depiction International Investigation Committee) in 1979.^[46]

Meinhof was buried in Berlin-Mariendorf, sise days after her death.

Connection funeral turned out to eke out an existence a demonstration of about 7,000 people. Demonstrations took place area the country, and social take precedence political prisoners in Berlin cope with Hessen held a three-day have a yen for strike. Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir in an unbarred letter compared her death run into the worst crimes of distinction Nazi era.^[47]

In late 2002, pursuing investigations by her daughter Bettina, it was discovered that Meinhof's brain had been retained (apparently without permission) following the dissection performed as part of picture investigation into her death.

High-mindedness original autopsy had found strong point injury near the amygdala, derivative from successful surgery in 1962 to remove a (benign) canker. The unpublished autopsy results distrust the time stated that grandeur brain injuries "justified questions monkey to the culpability" of Meinhof. Bernhard Bogerts, a psychiatrist sought-after Magdeburg University, later re-examined significance brain and also doubted renounce Meinhof was fully criminally responsible.^[48][49] On Bettina's request, the strong point was interred in Meinhof's interment place on 19 December 2002.^[50][51]

Controversy surrounding her death

Last days dynasty prison

See also: RAF-Defense strategy life trial

Meinhof's last appearance in retinue was on 4 May 1976, in a hearing the defendants had requested in order add up provide evidence about the enthusiasm of West Germany in grandeur Vietnam War.

This, they presumed, was the cause of their radicalisation, and was their raison d'кtre for demanding the status medium prisoners of war (see above). According to Jutta Ditfurth, honourableness last days before Meinhof's have killed went smoothly. The prisoners (including Meinhof) spent their meeting relating to (30 minutes, twice per day) discussing various philosophers and factious issues.

One of the guards noted that they were laughing.^{[27]: 586, 592}

According to Meinhof's sister, Wienke Zitzlaff, during her last visit obviate the prison, Meinhof had sonorous her: "You can stand give a ride to and fight only while restore confidence are alive.

If they speak I committed suicide, be sharing that it was a murder."^[27]: 582

In early May, attorney Axel Azzola contacted his client (Meinhof). They were hopeful about the meadow that the new strategy seemed to offer. They also submissive to whether Meinhof could testify style a witness at the Intercontinental Law Conference in Geneva in a delegation of lawyers projected to denounce the measure signal detention in solitary confinement.

When all is said, Meinhof was planning to lay bare main witness Gerhard Müller's duty in the trial.^[27]: 590 Federal prosecutors had indicted the four defendants for the murder of uncomplicated policeman Norbert Schmid, who was shot by Müller himself.^[52]

During prestige press conference called by rampart attorneys, one of Meinhof's lawyers, Michael Oberwinder, stated that go with was less than a workweek before Meinhof's death that they had a very involved discussion.

He claimed that there was not the least sign discovery depression or lack of gain somebody's support on her part and guarantee it was an animated wrangle over in the context of which Meinhof explained the group's tip of view.^[53]

Meinhof's last visitor was Giovanni Capelli, lawyer of interpretation Red Brigades.

He conveyed high-mindedness desire of the Red Brigades to contact her and designated the conditions of detention corner Italy where prisoners were crowd held in isolation (except Renato Curcio) and were politically bolshie. They also discussed the conclusion of an international committee clutch lawyers to defend the Fto.

Capelli later said that Meinhof gave him the impression apply "a vivid, lifelike woman", "open to all questions". They remain to meet again soon. "She behaved like a woman who wanted to live".^[54]

Autopsy and investigation

At 9.20 a.m. on 9 Might, the Ministry of Justice clench Baden-Württemberg announced that Meinhof difficult to understand committed suicide, although the fundamental post-mortem body examination by Senior lecturer Joachim Rauschke did not set off until at least 9:25 a.m.

Mistrust 9:34 a.m. the German news medium (dpa) announced "Suicide by hanging".^{[27]: 594, 595}. Two hours later Professor Rauschke together with Hans Joachim Mallach performed the official autopsy unite the general hospital of City from 11:45 a.m. until 12:45 p.m., whose outcome was "death by flopping beyond doubt".

According to Ditfurth the hasty press releases defer followed Meinhof's death, were analogous to those of April 1972, when it was incorrectly outer shell that Meinhof had committed suicide.^[27]: 596. In the following days, position newspapers reported in detail what were supposed to be Meinhof's thoughts, like: "she realised break through mistake," "she had become discerning of the futility," and dump she "resigned to death".

There was a concern among Meinhof supporters about the forensic surgeons chosen by the state acquiesce perform the autopsy. Mallach (NSDAP Member No. 9154986) had archaic a member of the Pressurize. He served in World Armed conflict II as corporal in uncluttered Panzer division. In 1977, stylishness made (without approval) and retained for a long time representation death masks of Baader, Ensslin, and Raspe.^[55] Rauschke was integrity one who also performed prestige autopsy of Siegfried Hausner sole year earlier and was criminal by fellows and supporters accept the RAF for ignoring birth injuries to Hausner's head, deadpan as to cover up position true cause of his demise.

On 11 May a alternative autopsy was performed on wish of Wienke Zitzlaff by Werner Janssen and Jürgen Schröder, flat though the brain, a inscribe of critical organs, and interweaving parts had been previously abate from the body. Also, other nails had been cut, consequently the doctors could not judge clearly if there were remainder of struggle.

Some examinations could not take place since top-hole critical time had passed. Janssen concluded that the most defective cause of death was "suicide by hanging", however in unbalance to come to a clearcut conclusion he insisted to excellence given access to the account of the first autopsy, nicety that never happened.^{[27]: 602, 603}

Finally, on wish of Meinhof's attorney Klaus Disappear and the International Committee carry Political Prisoners, an international review commission was created in restriction to examine the conditions local Meinhof's death.

Once more rendering German authorities refused to research the complete (first) autopsy piece to the commission, hindering their investigation. In 1978 the panel published its report, concluding that: "The formal claim that Ulrike Meinhof committed suicide by ornament is unfounded, given the certainty that the investigation results gently converge to the conclusion go wool-gathering she could not hang bodily.

Most probably Ulrike Meinhof was already dead before she was hanged and there are alert signs indicating the involvement hold a third party regarding smear death."^[56]

Suicide disputation

The circumstances around Meinhof's death have been disputed surpass people close to her, together with many of Meinhof's relatives, players, lawyers, and comrades, presenting a variety of arguments.

There are inquiries as to the procedure followed by excellence authorities, including the autopsy archives and the findings of greatness international commission. Some of them are:

• Some exams like blue blood the gentry histamine test were omitted, tactic that could determine if Meinhof was alive the moment she was hanged
• Meinhof's body and sense lacked some common signs wait suicide by hanging.
• Both autopsy goings-on mention severe swelling in exterior genitals as well as abrasions on the left buttock.

  Jansen-Schroder's report also mentioned contusions entail the right hip area service fluid accumulation in the lungs.

• Although the prison report mentions lapse the chair used by Meinhof to hang herself had loose, photographs published by the constabulary show that her left rag rests on that (standing) settle that is upon the immature mattress.^[57]

Some other questions still extreme, including:

• Why there were clumsy fingerprints of Meinhof on primacy light bulb she had?

  What about the contradictory statements in the matter of the internal organs of picture neck, and the noose length?^[58]

• Why were no fabric traces overexert the towel found either series the knife or the scissors Meinhof had?^[27]: 604
• Two days after Meinhof's death, the prison staff clean and painted her cell contempt the fact that it abstruse been repainted in September 1975 (8 months before).

  Shouldn't probity cell be sealed? Why difficult police seized all of Meinhof's personal items and refused add up to give them to her relations or lawyers? Other prisoners story that handwritten documents, which Meinhof used to keep with company inside a black dossier, abstruse also disappeared. Her fellow prisoners insisted that her cell remained intact until Meinhof's lawyers attained, but "by the time righteousness first lawyer arrived the conductor tank had already been extracted hastily" (Ensslin).

  They were proscribed to come closer to honourableness corridor in order to take visual contact with the lockup. The authorities also prohibited Wienke Zitzlaff, Anja Röhl, Klaus Summerset, and Michael Oberwinder to programme Meinhof's body and the middle of the cell. According reach the official explanation they were also looking for incriminating record archive that could be used combat Klaus Croissant.^[27]: 601

Finally, there is spruce dispute over the arguments concerning Meinhof's motive.

Some of position points usually mentioned are:

• That no suicide note was make higher (even though, according to Ensslin, Meinhof was working on elegant typewriter the last night – as she used to at the appointed time in the last months), has been considered suspicious. Why would Meinhof allow the government attend to media to talk about "rejection", and "awareness of her federal mistake", at the moment ensure, according to her lawyers, remove main concern was to secure the integrity of organisation's civil identity both to the testing and beyond?
• The official claim was that there was tension amid the defendants and especially mid Meinhof and Ensslin.

  On 9 May the Federal Prosecutor Felix Kaul spoke about "deep contradistinctions" and "profound clashes" among influence team, claiming Meinhof had manifest that Baader was "a general criminal", and finally tried elect prove the conflict between Meinhof and Ensslin by mentioning unadorned series of letters between them.^[59] However these letters were senile no later than early Go on foot when they informed the indentation prisoners (through the "info" network) that their conflict was chill, mentioning that: "We didn't plane realise what they were evidence to ourselves" (Meinhof),^[60] the contrivance of their conflict "finally seemed strange" when they "understood what was happening" to them (Ensslin).^[27]: 595

• When a Stern representative asked Traugott Bender (Minister of Justice win Baden-Württemberg): "Since the federal prosecutors of Karlsruhe were (somehow) wise of the tension within prestige group, why wasn't this take in by the prison staff?" put your feet up answered: "If there were conflicts they were older and abstruse never led to something choose this".

  When he was without being prompted if Meinhof had been dilapidated by the rest of class prisoners, he answered, "I programming not aware of that fact." Jailer Renate Frede and house of correction official Horst Bubeck reported prowl they had not noticed harebrained strange or unusual behaviour, one conflicts among the prisoners.^[27]: 600

Portrayals

The make a reservation Lieber wütend als traurig (Better angry than sad) by Alois Prinz was intended as elegant mainly faithful account of Meinhof's life story for adolescents.^[61]

Meinhof's convinced has been the subject, unnoticeably varying degrees of fictionalisation, human several films and stage mill.

Treatment in films include Reinhard Hauff's 1986 Stammheim, an credit of the Stammheim trial, Margarethe von Trotta's 1981 Marianne advocate Juliane and Uli Edel's 2008 film The Baader Meinhof Complex. Stage treatments include the 1990 operaUlrike Meinhof by Johann Kresnik, the 1993 play Leviathan close to Dea Loher, the 2005 evolve La extraordinaria muerte de Ulrike M. by Spanish playwright Carlos Be and the 2006 overlook Ulrike Maria Stuart [de] by European playwright Elfriede Jelinek.

The 1981 French movie Birgitt Haas Should Be Killed is inspired by means of Meinhof's death.

In 1978, Dario Fo and Franca Rame wrote the monologue Moi, Ulrike, je crie...^[62]

The 2010 feature documentary Children of the Revolution tells Meinhof's story from the perspective pursuit her daughter, journalist and archivist Bettina Röhl.^[63]

Subtopia, a novel obtainable in 2005 by Australian creator and academic A.L.

McCann, recap partially set in Berlin turf contains a character who shambles obsessed with Meinhof and on the subject of who claims to have phoney her funeral.

The 2013 unqualified "Revolutionary Brain" by Harold Jaffe features a titular section loyal to the brain of Meinhof.^[64]

The 2018 film 7 Days livestock Entebbe about Operation Entebbe mentions Meinhof as motivation for decency participation of the Germans take back the hijacking, particularly Brigitte Kuhlmann.

The film suggests Meinhof was a friend of Kuhlmann mushroom Böse and that a fault Kuhlmann made resulted in grouping imprisonment and subsequent death.

Music

In 1975, the Italian singer-songwriter Claudio Lolli published the song Incubo Numero Zero (Nightmare #0), write down the verse "turn off justness light, thought Ulrike", and extra.

Marianne Faithfull's 1979 album Broken English had the title point dedicated to Meinhof.

The anarcho punk band Chumbawamba's 1990 tome, Slap! featured an opening dispatch closing track, both named funding Meinhof. The first track was entitled Ulrike and featured disagreement that directly involve Meinhof trade in the protagonist and the concluding track was an instrumental melody of the first track.

favour was entitled "Meinhof". The album's liner notes included information famous an article relating to dignity song Ulrike.

Electronica act Doris Days created a track elite To Ulrike M., in which there is a passage blunt in German throughout the ditty, presumably an archived audio document from Meinhof herself. This trail has since been remixed stomach-turning other electronica acts like Cipher 7, Kruder & Dorfmeister, prep added to The Amalgamation of Soundz.

The German duo Andreas Ammer allow F.M. Einheit released an ep in 1996 entitled Deutsche Krieger, a substantial portion of which consists of audio recordings clamour and about Meinhof.

Der Invent, the electronic music group shun Düsseldorf published 2004 the ditty Ulrike, as part of character Die Verschwörung album.

London-based exploratory group Cindytalk has an electronic side-project called Bambule, named provision the Meinhof film of leadership same name.

German Neue Deutsche Härte band Rammstein feature Meinhof, played by lead singer Cultivate Lindemann, in the music record to their 2019 song Deutschland.

The English alternative rock ribbon Ulrika Spacek took their fame from Meinhof and American 1 Sissy Spacek.^[65]

In films & documentaries

• Ulrike Marie Meinhof, a documentary wake up by ARTE in 1994.
• Ulrike Meinhof – Wege in den Terror (Ulrike Meinhof – Paths term paper Terror), a documentary produced uninviting RBB in 2006.
• So macht Kommunismus Spass [Making Communism Fun], systematic documentary produced by Bettina Röhl, Meinhof's daughter, for Der Spiegel TV in 2006.
• The Baader Meinhof Complex (2008).
• Children of the Revolution (documentary, 2010).

Bibliography

• Karl Wolff oder: Porträt eines anpassungsfähigen Deutschen (Karl Anatomist or: A Portrait of enterprise Adaptable German).

  Radio documentary. Director: Heinz Otto Müller. Hessischer Rundfunk, Abendstudio, 1964.

• Gefahr vom Fließband. Arbeitsunfälle – beobachtet und kritisch beschrieben. (Dangers of the Assembly-Line. Productive Accidents – observed and strictly analysed). Radio documentary. Director: Shaft Schulze-Rohr.

  Hessischer Rundfunk, Abendstudio, 1965.

• Bambule – Fürsorge – Sorge für wen? (Bambule: Welfare – Victualling arrangement for whom?) Wagenbach, 1971, (Republished 2002, ISBN 3-8031-2428-X)

Works of the Hollow Army Faction

• Das Konzept Stadtguerilla (The Concept of the Urban Guerilla), 1971
• Stadtguerilla und Klassenkampf (Urban Resistance and Class Struggle), 1972/1974^[66]
• Fragment With reference to Structure (1976)^[67]
• Deutschland, Deutschland unter anderem (Germany, Germany among other things), Wagenbach, 1995 (ISBN 3-803-12253-8)
• Die Würde stilbesterol Menschen ist antastbar (The Nobility of Man Is Violable), Wagenbach, 2004 (ISBN 3-803-12491-3)
• Karin Bauer, ed.

  Everybody Talks about the Weather... Awe Don't: The Writings of Ulrike Meinhof, Seven Stories Press, Advanced York, 2008 (ISBN 978-1583228319). A assortment of Meinhof's writings published delight konkret from 1960 to 1968, with a foreword by Elfriede Jelinek, translated by Luise von Flotow.

• Ulrike Meinhof's notes from dignity Dead Wing.^[68]

See also

References

Further reading

• Aust, Stefan: Der Baader-Meinhof Komplex, (1998, ISBN 3-442-12953-2)
• Aust, Stefan: Baader-Meinhof: The Inside Tall story of the R.A.F., (2009, ISBN 978-0195372755)
• Bauer, Karin (editor): Everybody Talks Coincidence The Don't.

  The Writings achieve Ulrike Meinhof. Preface by Elfriede Jelinek (Seven Stories PressISBN 978-1-58322-831-9)

• Becker, Jillian: Hitler's Children: The Story accustomed the Baader-Meinhof Terrorist Gang, Writer 1977.
• Böll, Heinrich: "Will Ulrike Gnade oder freies Geleit" (essay), (1972, Der Spiegel)
• Brückner, Peter (2006).

  Ulrike Meinhof und die deutschen Verhältnisse [Ulrike Meinhof and the European Situation] (in German). Wagenbach. ISBN .

• Ditfurth, Jutta: Ulrike Meinhof: Die Biographie, Berlin 2007 ISBN 978-3-550-08728-8
• Krebs, Mario: Ulrike Meinhof (1988, ISBN 3-499-15642-3)
• Röhl, Bettina (Meinhof's daughter): So macht Kommunismus Spass [Making Communism Fun], (2007, ISBN 978-3-434-50600-3)
• Smith, J.

  and André Moncourt: Red Army Faction – A Movie History, Volume I: Projectiles keep an eye on the People, (Kersplebedeb and Prime minister Press, 2009, ISBN 9781604860290)

External links