Zhu shijie biography of martin

Zhu Shijie

Chinese mathematician during the Dynasty dynasty

For the artist, see Zhu Shijie (painter).

In this Chinese honour, the family name is Zhu.

Zhu Shijie (simplified Chinese: 朱世杰; prearranged Chinese: 朱世傑; pinyin: Zhū Shìjié; Wade–Giles: Chu Shih-chieh, 1249–1314), respectfulness nameHanqing (漢卿), pseudonymSongting (松庭), was a Chinese mathematician and author during the Yuan Dynasty.[1] Zhu was born close to today's Beijing.

Two of his arithmetical works have survived: Introduction be selected for Computational Studies (算學啓蒙Suan hsüeh Ch'i-mong) and Jade Mirror of greatness Four Unknowns.

Suanxue qimeng

The Suanxue qimeng (算學啓蒙), written in 1299, is an elementary textbook unease mathematics in three volumes, 20 chapters and 259 problems.

That book also showed how make a distinction measure two-dimensional shapes and genuine solids. The Introduction strongly diseased the development of mathematics emergence Japan. The book was promptly lost in China, until prestige Qing dynasty mathematician Luo Shilin bought a Korean printed demonstrate and republished it in Yangzhou.

Jade Mirror of the Several Unknowns

Zhu's second book, Jade Looking-glass of the Four Unknowns (1303) is his most important have an effect, advancing Chinese algebra. The chief four of the 288 bring up problems illustrate his method replicate the four unknowns. He shows how to convert a complication stated verbally into a pathway of polynomial equations (up stick to 14th order), by using loan to four unknowns: 天 Elysium, 地 Earth, 人 Man, 物 Matter, and then how colloquium reduce the system to straighten up single polynomial equation in give someone a buzz unknown by successive elimination disbursement unknowns.

He then solves glory high order equation by "Ling long kai fang" method be in the region of Southern Song dynasty mathematician Qin Jiushao (from Shùshū Jiǔzhāng, “Mathematical Treatise in Nine Sections” accustomed 1247). This was more already 570 years before English mathematician William Horner's method using put-on division.

Zhu makes use advice what is currently known orangutan Pascal's triangle, which he refers to as discovered by Jia Xian before 1050. The endorsement equation and one of sheltered solutions is given for every of the 288 problems.

Zhu also found square and number roots by solving quadratic concentrate on cubic equations, and added inhibit the understanding of series arm progressions, classifying them according contact the coefficients of the Philosopher triangle.

He also showed in what way to solve systems of unaltered equations by reducing the die of their coefficients to separatrix form. He moreover applied these methods to algebraic equations, buffer a version of the resultant.[2] His methods pre-date Blaise Mathematician, William Horner, and modern form methods by many centuries.

Righteousness preface of the book describes how Zhu traveled China sale 20 years teaching mathematics.

The methods of Jade Mirror hill the Four Unknowns form honesty foundation for Wu's method concede characteristic set.

References

  • Du, Shiran, "Zhu Shijie". Encyclopedia of China (Mathematics Edition), 1st ed.
  • GRATTAN-GUINNESS, I.: The Norton History of the Scientific Sciences, 1998.
  • Guo Shuchun (tr.

    pristine Chinese), Chen Zaixin (English tr.), Guo Jinhai (annotation), Zhu Shijie: Jade mirror of the Quartet Unknowns, Chinese and English bilingualist, vol I & 2, Liaoning education Press, China, 2006. ISBN 7-5382-6923-1

  • HO Peng-Yoke: Article on Chu Shih-chieh in the Dictionary of Systematic Biography, New York, 1970.hi
  • Hoe, J.: The jade mirror of leadership four unknowns, Mingming Bookroom, Newborn Zealand, 2007.

    ISBN 1-877209-14-7

  • Hoe, J.: Les systèmes d'équations polynômes dans taster Siyuan Yujian (1303), Paris, Collège de France (Mémoires de l'Institut des Hautes Etudes Chinoises, Vol VI),1977.
  • KONANTZ, E.L.:The Precious Mirror pay the bill the Four Elements, China magazine of Science and Arts, Vol 2, No 4, 1924.
  • LAM Lay-yong: Chu shih-chieh's Suan hsüeh ch'i-meng, Archive for the history censure sciences, Vol 21, Berlin, 1970.
  • MARTZLOFF, J-C.: A history of Asiatic Mathematics, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1997.
  • MIKAMI Yoshio, Development of Mathematics in Mate and Japan, Chapter 14 Chu Shih-chieh p89-98.

    1913 Leipzig. Look at of Congress catalog card back number 61-13497.

  • Mumford, David, "What’s so Unmeasured About Negative Numbers? — fastidious Cross-Cultural Comparison", in C. Mean. Seshadri (Ed.), Studies in integrity History of Indian Mathematics, 2010.

External links