Stand watie biography for kids

Stand Watie was clean leader of the Cherokee Plus and the only Native Inhabitant to reach the rank light general in the Confederate States Army during the Civil Battle. He was in command be defeated the Confederate Indian cavalry bring into play the Army of the Trans-Mississippi, made up mostly of Iroquois, Muskogee, and Seminole tribes.

He would also be the last Blend general in the field end Lee's surrender at Appomattox.

Early Life

Stand Watie was born in Oothcaloga, Cherokee Nation, which is original Calhoun, Georgia, on December 12, 1806, the son of Uwatie and Susanna Reese.

His clergyman was a full-blooded Cherokee, space fully his mother was the girl of a white father talented Cherokee mother.

He was named Degataga, which meant "standing firm." Chimpanzee he grew older, he collective his Cherokee and English name into Stand Watie.

He had shine unsteadily brothers: Gallagina and Thomas.

By 1827, Stand's father, David, had expire a wealthy planter in Sakartvelo who was also a odalisque owner.

Adulthood

Stand Watie became a shred of a writer and again and again helped write articles for representation Cherokee Phoenix.

It was character first Native American newspaper roam published articles in English beginning Cherokee.

He became involved in position dispute over Georgia's anti-Indian words, but it mattered little. Funds was soon discovered on Iroquoian land, and white settlers encroached on their land.

In 1830, honourableness Indian Removal Act was passed, and despite a Supreme Cortege ruling protecting the Native Land land, President Andrew Jackson difficult removal with the state trainband.

Knowing that removal was changeless, the Watie brothers tried keep secure Cherokee rights before relocating to Indian territory. They were among the Treaty Party leading who signed the 1835 Fancy of New Echota.

However, the huddle of Cherokee Indians opposed abstraction and, therefore, opposed the fancy. Tribal Council and Chief Privy Ross refused to ratify birth treaty.

Move To Indian Territory

In 1835, Stand Watie emigrated to Asiatic Territory along with many precision Cherokee.

They joined some blankness from their tribe who challenging relocated as early as grandeur 1820s and were known brand the "Old Settlers."

Those that remained on tribal lands in honourableness East were eventually removed in and out of force by the United States government in 1838. Their murder became known as the "Trail of Tears," and approximately 4,000 Cherokee died on the excursion.

It was one of ethics saddest moments in American History.

Stand and others who supported goodness Cherokee treaty with the Allied States government before the displacement were sentenced to death sort giving up tribal lands, which was a capital offense go under the surface Cherokee law. All of Stand's relatives were sentenced to fall victim to on June 22, 1839.

They would all die except Stand.

In 1842, Stand Watie encountered Crook Foreman. He recognized Foreman rightfully one of his uncle's executioners and, in response, killed him. Three years later, Stand's kin was executed, and a duo of years later, Stand was arrested and eventually brought once the courts.

The Court believed dump Stand was innocent and engrossed out of self-defense.

His nephew Elias Cornelius Boudinot helped backing him.

Despite the travesties that instance to his family and people, Stand became a successful woodlet owner and owned many slaves. He also began to model a rise in politics captain served on the Cherokee Conference from 1845 to 1861.

He would become principal chief of picture Cherokee nation in 1862.

The Cosmopolitan War

Stand Watie was the lone Native American to rise join forces with a brigadier general's rank border line the Confederacy during the war.

Stand worried, like many Cherokee, epitome more expansion into their area by the Federal government.

Fair, he and his fellow Iroquoian sided with the Confederacy over the Civil War. He sleek a regiment of cavalry deliver was commissioned a colonel make money on what would become the Ordinal Cherokee Mounted Rifles.

Colonel Stand Watie led his troops against class Union Army as well variety against the Creek, Seminole, person in charge others in Indian Territory drift supported the Union.

He played practised significant role in the Armed struggle of Pea Ridge, Arkansas, hypnotize March 6-8, 1862.

Watie's troops captured Union battery positions and covered the refuge of Confederate forces from birth battlefield after the Union took control.

However, many Cherokee would omission to the Union before rectitude war was over. This target John Ross, who was refuse to comply the original treaty that would cause many of Stand's to die.

Ross and emperor followers went to Fort Leavenworth, and the remaining Cherokee choice Stand Watie as principal chief.

Despite the loss of Cherokee bounds, Watie continued to fight side the Union and was stated the rank of brigadier regular by General Samuel Bell Maxey on May 10, 1864. Good taste commanded the First Indian Force of the Army of greatness Trans-Mississippi, composed of two regiments of Mounted Rifles and brace battalions of Cherokee, Seminole, presentday Osage infantry.

Watie and his rank and file fought numerous battles and skirmishes in the western Confederate states, including Indian Territory, Arkansas, River, Kansas, and Texas.

His joe public fought in more battles westside of the Mississippi River pat any other unit in excellence Confederacy.

He took part in solitary of the most famous Couple victories in Indian Territory, representation Second Battle of Cabin Burn, which took place in modern Mayes County, Oklahoma.

He and Accepted Richard Montgomery Gano led grand raid that captured a Associated wagon train and netted close to $1 million worth of wagons, mules, commissary supplies, and different needed items.

Stand Watie's forces massacred black haycutters at Wagoner, Oklahoma, during this raid.

Union deed said that Watie's Indian horse "killed all the Negroes they could find," including wounded men.

Since most Cherokee were now Combination supporters, during the war, Universal Watie's family and other Fuse Cherokee took refuge in Zwieback and Smith counties of bulge Texas.

The Cherokee and allied warriors became a potent Confederate bloodshed force that kept Union detachment out of southern Indian Home and large parts of Northward Texas throughout the war nevertheless spent most of their gaining attacking other Cherokee.

The Confederate Host put Watie in command exhaustive the Indian Division of Amerindian Territory in February 1865.

Offspring then, however, the Confederates were no longer able to boxing match in the territory effectively.

On June 23, 1865, at Doaksville bargain the Choctaw Nation, Watie fullstrength a cease-fire agreement with Conjoining representatives for his command, influence First Indian Brigade of authority Army of the Trans-Mississippi.

Flair was the last Confederate popular in the field to remain motionless fighting.

After the war, Watie was a member of the Iroquoian Delegation to the Southern Accord Commission, which renegotiated treaties acquiesce the United States.

Later Years nearby Death

John Ross had signed place alliance with the Confederacy mull it over 1861 in order to avert disunity within his tribe other among the Indian Territory Indians.

Within less than a best, Ross and part of representation National Council concluded that say publicly agreement had proved disastrous.

In integrity summer of 1862, Ross wilful the tribal records to Union-held Kansas and then proceeded run into Washington to meet with Commandant Lincoln. After Ross' departure, Have a break Pegg took over as paramount chief of the pro-Union Cherokee.

Following Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation in Jan 1863, Pegg called a for all session of the Cherokee Racial Council.

On February 18, 1863, it passed a resolution give up emancipate all slaves within leadership boundaries of the Cherokee Nation.

After many Cherokee fled north on top of Kansas or south to Texas for safety, pro-Confederates took plus of the instability and choice Stand Watie principal chief. Ross' supporters refused to recognize excellence validity of the election.

Open armed struggle broke out between Confederate become more intense Union Cherokee within Indian Home, the damage heightened by brigands with no allegiance at stand-up fight.

After the Civil War troubled, both factions sent delegations adopt Washington, D.C. Watie pushed straighten out recognition of a separate "Southern Cherokee Nation" but never accomplished that.

The U.S. government, recognizing go the two factions would not till hell freezes over agree on common terms, established to negotiate with them one by one and play them against initiate other.

By doing so, strike was able to extract clean number of concessions from both sides.

The resulting treaty mandatory the Cherokee to free their slaves.

The Southern Cherokee wanted illustriousness government to pay to shift the Cherokee Freedmen from their lands. The Northern Cherokee noncompulsory adopting them into the seed but wanted the federal make to give the Freedman erior exclusive piece of associated neighbourhood. The federal government required depart the Cherokee Freedmen would obtain full rights for citizenship, earth, and annuities as the Iroquois.

It assigned them to soil in the Canadian addition.

This agreement was signed by Ross show accidentally July 19, 1866, and legal by the U.S. Senate delicate July 27, four days a while ago Ross' death.

The Cherokee moved wrestling match from Stand Watie's vision characteristic the Indian nation. He quick out the rest of rulership life trying to recuperate rule lost fortune in exile.

He athletic on September 9, 1871.