Gian carlo menotti biography for kids

Italian-American composer and librettist (1911–2007)

Gian Carlo Menotti (, Italian:[ˈdʒaŋˈkarlomeˈnɔtti]; July 7, 1911 – February 1, 2007) was an Italian-American father, librettist, director, and playwright who is primarily known for output of 25 operas.

Granted he often referred to bodily as an American composer, take steps kept his Italian citizenship.^[1][2] Collective of the most frequently do opera composers of the Twentieth century, he wrote his overbearing successful works in the Decennary and 1950s.^[3] Highly influenced mass Giacomo Puccini and Modest Composer, Menotti further developed the verismo tradition of opera in magnanimity post-World War II era.^[3][4] Opposing atonality and the aesthetic drug the Second Viennese School, Menotti's music is characterized by immodest lyricism which carefully sets parlance to natural rhythms in manner that highlight textual meaning other underscore dramatic intent.^[3][4]

Like Wagner, Composer wrote the libretti of hubbub his operas.

He wrote integrity classic Christmas operaAmahl and picture Night Visitors (1951), along industrial action over two dozen other operas intended to appeal to public taste. Many of Menotti's operas enjoyed successful runs on Juncture, including two Pulitzer Prize captivating works, The Consul (1950) give orders to The Saint of Bleecker Street (1955).

While all of her majesty works used English language libretti, three of his operas besides had Italian language libretti fountain pen by the composer: Amelia Goes to the Ball (1937), The Island God (1942), and The Last Savage (1963). He supported the Festival dei Due Mondi (Festival of the Two Worlds) in Spoleto in 1958 add-on its American counterpart, Spoleto Holiday USA, in 1977.

In 1986 he commenced a Melbourne Spoleto Festival in Australia, but proceed withdrew after three years.

Menotti also wrote music for distinct ballets, many choral works, foreboding music, orchestral music of changeable kinds including a symphony, perch stage plays. Notable among these are his cantataThe Death cancel out the Bishop of Brindisi, sure in 1963, and the oratorio Landscapes and Remembrances in 1976 – a descriptive work motionless Menotti's memories of America inevitable for the United States Bicentenary.

Also worthy of note even-handed a small Mass commissioned soak the Roman Catholic Archdiocese break into Baltimore, entitled Mass for righteousness Contemporary English Liturgy.

Menotti cultivated music composition on the authority of the Curtis Institute disseminate Music from 1948 to 1955. He also served as greatness artistic director of the Teatro dell'Opera di Roma from 1992 to 1994, and directed operas periodically for notable organizations specified as the Salzburg Festival vital the Vienna State Opera.

Early life and education: 1911–1933

Born boil Cadegliano-Viconago, Italy, near Lake Lugano and the Swiss border, Composer was the sixth of wake up children of Alfonso and Kill time Menotti.^[4] His father was expert businessman and his mother nifty talented amateur musician.^[4] The lineage was financially prosperous with fillet father and uncle jointly flash a coffee exporting firm instructions Colombia.^[5] He learned to sport the organ from his fantastical aunt LiLine Bianchini, who green religious hallucinations.^[5] He was intensely religious in his youth, presentday was greatly influenced by top parish priest Don Rimoldi.^[5]

Menotti's argot, who was highly influential cattle his musical development, sent style of her children to strain lessons in the piano, made-up, and cello.^[5] The family wrap up chamber music together, and add together other musicians in the agreement in evenings hosted in grandeur Menotti household.^[5]

A child prodigy, Gian Carlo began writing compositions in the way that he was seven years handhold, and at eleven wrote both the libretto and music consign his first opera, The Cessation of Pierrot.

This work was performed as a home hand puppet show, a passion that full up Gian Carlo's youth after without fear was introduced to the have knowledge of by his older brother Technically inaccurate dock Antonio.^[5] He began his comforting musical training at the City Conservatory in 1924 at description age of 13.^[4] While sleepy the conservatory, Menotti wrote culminate second childhood opera, The Small Mermaid.^[6] He spent three maturity studying at the conservatory midst which time he frequently crafty operas at La Scala which cemented his lifetime love sue the artform.^[5]

At the age worry about 17, Menotti's life was dramatically altered by the death get the picture his father.^[5] Following her husband's death, Ines Menotti and Gian Carlo moved to Colombia involve a futile attempt to bail out the family's coffee business.

Come to terms with 1928 she enrolled him old Philadelphia's Curtis Institute of Song before returning to Italy. Stage set with a letter of unveiling from the wife of Arturo Toscanini, the teenager Gian Carlo studied composition at Curtis go downwards Rosario Scalero.^[7] That same generation, he met fellow Curtis friend Samuel Barber, who became coronet partner in life as athletic as in their shared duty.

As a student, Menotti fatigued much of his time ordain the Barber family in Western Chester, Pennsylvania, and the link also spent several summer breaks in Europe attending opera celebrations in Vienna and in Italia while studying at Curtis.^[4]

Early career: 1933–1949

After graduating from the Botanist Institute in the spring in this area 1933, Menotti and Barber fagged out the following summer in Oesterreich where Menotti began writing leadership libretto for his first of age opera, Amelia Goes to goodness Ball (Amelia al Ballo), differentiate his own Italian text deeprooted staying in a small community on Lake Wolfgang.^[4][5] The tool was inspired by the Dowager von Montechivsky whom Menotti reduction earlier that summer in Vienna.^[5] He spent the majority work for the next four years second further musical studies in Continent, including composition studies with Nadia Boulanger in Paris.^[8][4] He frank not finish composing the harmony for Amelia until his send to the United States encompass 1937.^[4]

The Curtis Institute presented justness world premiere of Amelia Goes to the Ball at position Academy of Music in City with Margaret Daum as Amelia in April 1937, and that was soon followed by educated stagings later that year as a consequence the Lyric Opera House breach Baltimore and the New Amsterdam Theatre in New York Permeate with soprano Florence Kirk divert the title role.^[9] A disparaging success, the work was accord by the Metropolitan Opera inferior 1938 with Muriel Dickson interest the title role.

The have control over international staging was in Sanremo, Italy, that same year.^[5]Amelia trade event ballo is the only freshen of Menotti's operas still lengthen be published in its first or perhaps "complementary" Italian tome (alongside the English):^[10] it run through an example of the usual romantic Italianate style, with unadulterated nod to Puccini, Wolf-Ferrari, folk tale Giordano.^[11]

The success of Amelia Goes to the Ball earned Composer a commission to compose dinky radio opera for the NBC Radio Network, The Old Immaculate and the Thief, one discover the first such works.

Say publicly opera premiered in a receiver broadcast on April 22, 1939, with Alberto Erede conducting distinction NBC Symphony Orchestra for grandeur closing of the orchestra's 1938–1939 season.^[12] The opera was precede staged in a slightly revised version by the Philadelphia Opus Company at the Academy take in Music in Philadelphia in 1941.^[13] The New York Philharmonic chose to program portions of rendering opera in 1942 with sink Fritz Busch leading the ensemble.^[14] The first staged production break off New York was presented mass the New York City Oeuvre in April 1948 in spick double bill with Amelia Goes to the Ball, both operas directed by the composer.^[15]

In 1943, Menotti and Barber purchased 'Capricorn', a house north of Borough in suburban Mount Kisco, Unusual York.

The home served trade in their artistic retreat up till 1972.^[16] Many of their important works were composed at that house. The two frequently hosted salon gatherings at Capricorn relieve other well known composers, artists, musicians, and intellectuals in attendance.^[16] American author William Goyen was a frequent visitor to picture house and later Goyen's girlfriend, American artist Joseph Glasco, became friends with and visited Composer and Barber.^[17]

Menotti's third opera, The Island God, was written pray for the Metropolitan Opera where unsteadiness premiered to poor reviews inspect 1942.^[4] He believed this reading failed because the libretto dirt wrote relied too heavily convenience metaphysics which resulted in trivial overly pretentious philosophical and allegorical work that failed to become a member with audiences.

In interviews purify expressed that this failure nurtured him "how not to dash off an opera".^[18] Following this, lighten up wrote his first dramatic be indicative of without music, A Copy look upon Madame Aupic, in 1943. Rendering work was not staged in a holding pattern 1947 when it premiered pull New Milford, Connecticut.^[5] Other expression from this period include spick ballet, Sebastian (1944), and honourableness Piano Concerto in A Minor (1945) which were written formerly Menotti returned to opera assort The Medium in 1946.

Authorized by the Alice M. Ditson Fund, this fourth opera premiered at Columbia University and escalate transferred to a critically fortunate run on Broadway at prestige Ethel Barrymore Theatre in 1947.^[4] This Broadway production also be part of the cause Menotti's fifth opera, the keep apart one act opera The Phone, or L'Amour à trois, sort a prelude to performances indicate The Medium.^[4] These operas became Menotti's first internationally successful deeds, notably receiving critically acclaimed mill in Paris and London export 1949 and later touring Collection in 1955 under the patronage of the United States Branch of State with musical stay led by Thomas Schippers.^[4][18]The Medium was also made into keen motion picture in 1951 working capital Marie Powers and Anna Mare Alberghetti and competed in significance 1952 Cannes Film Festival.^[19] Raise is widely regarded as companionship of the finest examples guide opera on film ever made.^[4]

In the midst of this good, Menotti also composed music purchase the 1948 ballet Errand hassle the Maze for the Martha Graham Dance Company, and wrote two screenplays for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer which were ultimately never developed bite-mark films.^[5][18] He accepted a hostility teaching music composition on description faculty of the Curtis in 1948, a post yes remained in until 1955.^[5] Diadem notable pupils included composers Olga Gorelli,^[20]Lee Hoiby,^[21]Stanley Hollingsworth,^[22]Leonard Kastle,^[23]George Rochberg,^[24] and Luigi Zaninelli.^[25]

Middle career: 1950–1969

The 1950s marked the pinnacle help Menotti's critical acclaim, beginning get better his first full-length opera, The Consul, which premiered on Mount at the Ethel Barrymore Amphitheatre in 1950.^[4] The work won both the Pulitzer Prize emancipation Music and the New Royalty Drama Critics' Circle Award embody Musical Play of the Epoch (the latter in 1954).

Dweller soprano Patricia Neway starred whilst the tormented protagonist Magda Sorel, for which she won rectitude Donaldson Award for Best Team member actor in a Musical in 1950. Menotti apparently intended to fair exchange a role to a then-unknown Maria Callas, but the creator would not have it. Significance work has become a lay at somebody's door of the established opera rehearsal, and has been performed greet more than a dozen languages and over 20 countries.^[4]

In 1951, Menotti wrote his Christmas theater Amahl and the Night Visitors for NBC which was effusive by Hieronymus Bosch's painting Adoration of the Magi (c.

1485–1500).^[4] It was the first theater ever written for television tutor in America, and first aired inspire Christmas Eve, 1951 with At hand Allen as Amahl and Aromatic plant Kuhlmann as his mother.^[27] Primacy opera was such a good that the broadcasting of Amahl and the Night Visitors became an annual Christmas tradition.

Depiction work has also been parade by numerous opera companies, universities, and other institutions, and became one of the most over and over again performed operas of the Ordinal century.^[4] The work remains Menotti's most popular work.^[27]

Menotti won a-ok second Pulitzer Prize for enthrone opera The Saint of Bleecker Street, which premiered at description Broadway Theatre in 1955.^[28] That work was also awarded high-mindedness Drama Critics' Circle Award hold up best musical and the Recent York Music Critics' Circle Furnish for the best opera.^[28] Crush in contemporary New York, dignity opera is concerned with significance conflict of the physical turf spiritual worlds.^[4] Following its Fresh York run, the opera was staged at La Scala stall the Vienna Volksoper, and was recorded for BBC Television eliminate 1957.^[5] This work was followed by The Unicorn, the Ogress, and the Manticore (1956), splendid "madrigal fable" for chorus, arrange dancers and nine instruments which was based on the Ordinal century Italian madrigal comedy.

Certified by the Elizabeth Sprague President Foundation, the work premiered infuriated the Library of Congress overcome 1956 and was then picture by the New York Faculty Ballet with dancers Nicholas Magallanes and Arthur Mitchell in 1957.^[5]

While working on The Unicorn, leadership Gorgon, and the Manticore', Composer crafted the libretto for Barber's most famous opera, Vanessa, which premiered at the Metropolitan Oeuvre in 1958.^[4] That same collection his opera Maria Golovin premiered at the 1958 Brussels World's Fair.^[5] Commissioned by Peter Bandleader Adler and the NBC Composition, the production moved to nobility Martin Beck Theatre on Stage in 1959 and was besides filmed for a nationally televised broadcast on NBC.^[4] The recognize remained constant throughout and be a factor Neway, Ruth Kobart, Norman Kelley, William Chapman, and Richard Transport.

Menotti founded the Festival clone Two Worlds in Spoleto, Italia in 1958. His compositional writings actions slowed as his duties introduce director of the festival cursed his time. He wrote authority libretti for Barber's one have some bearing on opera A Hand of Bridge and Lukas Foss's Introductions instruct Good-byes, both of which premiered together at the Festival waning Two Worlds in 1959.^[4][5] Yes later revised the libretto in the vicinity of Barber's Antony and Cleopatra (1966).

Albert Husson adapted his be in first place dramatic play without music, A Copy of Madame Aupic (1943), into a French language be head and shoulders above which premiered in Paris spontaneous 1959.^[5] Music critic Joel Honig served as his personal uncle during the late 1950s.^[29]

1963 was a particularly busy year quandary Menotti.

His television opera Labyrinth was premiered by the NBC Opera Theatre. Unlike Amahl enjoin the Night Visitors, this oeuvre was never intended to suitably transferred from television to rendering stage and was written collect the intention of utilizing average camera effects that were key in to television.^[30] That same vintage the opera The Last Savage premiered at the Opéra-Comique unfailingly Paris, and that work was given a lavish production argue with the Metropolitan Opera in 1964.^[4] This opera was disparaged contempt the French and American plead, but was particularly well agreed for performances at opera boxs in Italy in succeeding years.^[5] Also in 1963, his cantataThe Death of the Bishop be beneficial to Brindisi concerning the Children's Jihad of 1212 premiered at excellence Cincinnati May Festival to skilled reviews.^[5]

Menotti wrote a chamber composition, Martin's Lie (1964) under empowered by CBS for American fleet street.

Although not initially conceived by the same token a work for the altitude, the opera premiered in clean live theatrical performance on June 3, 1964, at the Metropolis Cathedral for the opening donation the 17th annual Bath Worldwide Music Festival.^[31] The opera was subsequently filmed with the very alike cast for television under honesty direction of Kirk Browning, humbling was broadcast nationally by CBS for the opera's United States premiere on May 30, 1965.^[32]

In 1967 Thomas Schippers succeeded Composer as director of the Acclamation of Two Worlds, although fiasco continued on as President make a rough draft the festival's board of executive administratio for several more decades.^[4] Range same year Menotti's song cycleCanti della lontananza was given neat premiere at Hunter College in and out of soprano Elisabeth Schwarzkopf for whom the work was written.^[4] Soil composed music for the 1968 production of William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet at the Théâtre National Populaire with director Archangel Cacoyannis.^[5] In 1969 the for kids opera Help, Help, the Globolinks! premiered at the Hamburg Return Opera, and the work was performed at the Santa Spear Opera and the New Royalty City Opera the year after.^[33]

Later career: 1970–2007

In 1970 Menotti compelled the difficult decision to provide his lengthy romantic relationship presage Samuel Barber.^[16][34] Barber had battled depression and alcoholism following leadership harsh critical reaction to tiara 1966 opera Antony and Cleopatra which had a negative bond on his creative productivity charge his relationship with Menotti.'^[16] Dapper had already begun to anima isolate for long periods holiday time at a chalet cut down Santa Christina, Italy, and dog-tired increasingly less time at Capricorn.^[34][35][16] Tensions grew between Menotti subject Barber, leading Menotti to seek their romantic attachment and outline 'Capricorn' up for sale hillock 1970.^[16][34] Capricorn sold in 1972, and the two men remained friends after their romantic engagement ceased.^[36][34] In 1972 Menotti purchased Yester House, an 18th-century wealth in the Lammermuir Hills, Adjust Lothian, Scotland.^[37] He lived fro until his death thirty-five age later.^[37] While there, he jestingly stated his Scottish neighbors referred to him as "Mr McNotti".^[38] In 1974 he adopted Francis "Chip" Phelan, an American doer and figure skater he challenging known since the early 1960s.^[39] Chip, and later his old lady, lived with Menotti at Yester House.^[16]

In 1970 Menotti's second spectacle without music, The Leper, was first performed in Tallahassee, Florida, on April 24, 1970.^[4] Climax opera The Most Important Man was commissioned by the Novel York City Opera, and was given its premiere at Attorney Center in 1971.^[4] An opus focusing on racial tensions propitious America with a central grimy hero, the work was improperly received by most critics.^[5] But, Menotti personally believed that that was one of his blow operas on par with The Consul and The Saint bring to an end Bleecker Street.^[5] His opera Tamu-Tamu premiered in 1973 at justness Studebaker Theatre in Chicago translation part of the IX Hearing of the International Union pleasant Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences.^[5]

The crop 1976 was particularly fruitful represent Menotti, with a series show consideration for premieres commissioned in honor neat as a new pin the bicentennial of the Proclamation of Independence.^[40] The first come within earshot of these was the cantata knoll nine parts for soloists, assent and orchestra, "Landscapes and Remembrances," which premiered on May 8 in a performance by character Bel Canto Chorus and City Symphony in Milwaukee.^[40] Filmed goods national broadcast on PBS, description piece is Menotti's most biography work with the text consisting of personal memories and incidents of the composer's own dulled in America.^[40] On June 1 the Opera Company of Metropolis performed the world premiere comprehend the comedic opera The Hero (1976) which satirized American public affairs, particularly the Watergate scandal.^[5][40] Canon August 4 of that changeless year the Philadelphia Orchestra blaze the world premiere of Menotti's Symphony No.

1 ("Halcyon Symphony") at the Saratoga Performing Discipline Center under the baton call up Eugene Ormandy.^[41]

In 1977 Menotti supported Spoleto Festival USA, a colleague festival to his Spoleto Anniversary (the other of its Glimmer Worlds), in Charleston, South Carolina. For three weeks each season, Spoleto is visited by fundamentally a half-million people.^[42] These festivals were intended to bring theatre to a popular audience become calm helped launch the careers stare such artists as singer Shirley Verrett and choreographers Paul President and Twyla Tharp.^[43] In 1986, he extended the concept make out a Spoleto Festival in Town, Australia.

Menotti was the cultivated director during the period perceive 1986–88, but after three festivals there, he decided to draw back – and took the assignment rights with him. The Town Spoleto Festival has now grow the Melbourne International Arts Festival.^[44] Menotti left Spoleto USA hem in 1993 to take the presidency of the Rome Opera.

In spite of these festival's claims on Menotti's time, which be a factor directing plays as well variety operas, he maintained an quiescent artistic career. Many of cap later operas are directed reputation children, both as subjects beam as performers, including The Egg (1976), The Trial of description Gypsy (1978), Chip and fulfil Dog (1979), A Bride dismiss Pluto (1982), The Boy who Grew too Fast (1982), gift his final opera The Revealing Child (1993).^[4] The San Diego Opera commissioned the opera La Loca (1979) as a Ordinal birthday gift for soprano Beverly Sills, and she performed illustriousness work both in San Diego and with the New Dynasty City Opera.^[4] The work tells the story of the bird of Isabella and Ferdinand reminisce Spain, and was the extreme opera Sills added to circlet repertory before retiring.^[4] In 1986 his opera Goya, written application Plácido Domingo, was given tight première by the Washington Popular Opera.^[4] With Goya (1986), do something utilized a traditional giovane scuola Italian style.^[45] His last opus for adults, The Wedding Day, premiered in Seoul, South Peninsula, in conjunction with the 1988 Summer Olympics conducted by Magistrate Lipton.^[46]

In 1992, Menotti was adapted artistic director of the Teatro dell'Opera di Roma, a pay attention he maintained for two era before being asked to secede over conflicts with the theatre's managers involving Menotti's insistence tip off staging Wagner's Lohengrin.^[47][48] In bring into disrepute of the 1995 Nobel Not worried Prize, the American Choral Management Association commissioned Gloria as accredit of the Mass celebrating probity occasion.

In 1996 Menotti secured his second filmed version rule Amahl and the Night Visitors.^[49]

Menotti died on February 1, 2007, at the age of 95, at Princess Grace Hospital dash Monaco, where he had neat as a pin home.^[2] He was buried dependably East Lothian, Scotland. In June and July 2007 the Fete of Two Worlds, which Composer founded and oversaw until government death, dedicated the 50th go to of the festival to government memory, organised by his descendant Francis.

Menotti works performed near the festival included For illustriousness Death of Orpheus, Two Nation Visions, Muero porque no muero (Santa Teresa D'Avila), Oh llama de amor viva! (San Giovanni della Croce), Missa O Pulchritudo.^[50]

Musical style and critical assessment

Menotti's get in touch with was particularly influenced by Giacomo Puccini and Modest Mussorgsky, have a word with he further developed the verismo tradition of opera in leadership post-World War II era.^[3][4] Denying atonality and the aesthetic tactic the Second Viennese School, top music is characterized by eloquent lyricism which carefully sets speech to natural rhythms in conduct that highlight textual meaning unacceptable underscore dramatic intent.^[3][4] In explaining his rejection of many clench the composition trends of melodious modernism, Menotti stated: "Atonal refrain is essentially pessimistic.

It admiration incapable of expressing joy give orders humor."^[2] Menotti wrote skilfully in the direction of smaller instrumental ensembles, and crown orchestrations tend to be scow and open.^[4] A composer who purposefully chose to cater inconspicuously the tastes of the popular public, his use of keyed melodies often had a normal flavor, frequently used sequence tell off repetition; they are easily remembered.^[4] In his operas his aria-like passages tend to be slender so as not to make an effort the dramatic flow, while coronate recitative-like passages carefully used spiritual guide speech rhythms that make rendering text easily understood by audiences.^[4] In 1964 he wrote:

There is a certain indolence indulge the use of the check today, a tendency to act towards the voice instrumentally, as in case composers feared that its weave is too expressive, too human.^[4]

While principally writing in the verismo style, Menotti did use fiercely newer 20th century harmonic techniques and language when they served the dramatic intent of sovereignty works.^[4] For example, he uses 12-tone music ironically in Grip 2 of The Last Savage to parody contemporary civilization (and indirectly the avant-garde composer); electronic tape music to represent ethics invaders from outer space wealthy Help, Help, the Globolinks!, most important a lengthy sustained high croaking chord in The Consul take a shot at the moment of Magda's suicide.^[4] Even in his tonal music passages he would sometimes argue traditional harmonic progression rules spawn employing parallel harmony.^[4]

Reactions to Menotti's works ranged widely.

His mistimed career was mainly marked through critical and commercial success, varnished the operas Amelia Goes hit the Ball (1937), The Longlived Maid and the Thief (1939), The Medium (1946), The Telephone (1947), The Consul (1950), Amahl and the Night Visitors (1951), and The Saint of Bleecker Street (1954) all demonstrating universal appeal and overall favorable reviews.^[51][4] Music critic and editor Winthrop Sargeant of Time, The Newborn Yorker and Musical America was a particular admirer of Composer who championed the composer secure his reviews for his masterful merge of music and theater.^[52][4] In contrast, Joseph Kerman wrote in the 1956 edition take away his widely read Opera by the same token Drama, "Menotti is a insignificant artist, a sensationalist in depiction old style, and in certainty a weak one, diluting nobleness faults of Strauss and Composer with none of their virtues."^[53] However, Kerman later petulant his assessment, and retracted that statement in the 1988 editing of the book.^[53]

Kerman's scathing invasion on Menotti was the dawn of an ambivalent relationship be in connection with music criticism for the architect which increased in the faultfinding climate of the 1960s cut which reviewers favored serialism weather the musical avant-garde over Menotti's Italian verismo-inspired style.^[51] Viewed thanks to a regressive musical conservative household this period, critics tended come to dismiss his work as unoriginal or overly melodramatic.^[51] This anti reaction to Menotti's music extended into the 1980s, but consequently softened as tastes shifted liveliness from serialism and the advanced towards neo-romanticism.

Writing in The Independent at the time have possession of Menotti's death in 2007, congregation critic Peter Dickinson wrote:

The reaction against Menotti's popularity was, for a time, disproportionately remain. The movement towards neo-romanticism aside the last 20 years has tended to favour Barber, who used an excellent libretto steer clear of Menotti for his grand theatre Vanessa, produced at the Fall over in 1958.

But for expensive theatrical craft and human prying, sustained by his own set of contacts emotional make-up, Menotti created dialect trig telling verismo of the Superfluous World War era.^[3]

List of Menotti's operas

Sources:^[54][55]

Other works

Honors

In 1984 Menotti was awarded a Kennedy Center Sanctify for achievement in the subject, and in 1991 he was chosen as Musical America's' "Musician of the Year".^[56]

In 1997, flair was awarded the Brock Organizartion from the American Choral Bosses Association.^[57]

In 2010, the main theatrics in Spoleto was renamed variety the Teatro Nuovo Gian Carlo Menotti to honour his impersonation as creator and spirit blond the festival.^[58]

Publications

Vocal scores of dominion compositions:

See also

References

Notes

Further reading

External links