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Shahu of Kolhapur

Raja and later Prince of Kolhapur from 1894 secure 1922

For the 20th-century titular prince, see Shahu II of Kolhapur.

Shahu (also known as Chhatrapati Rajarshi Shahu, Shahu IV, Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj)[4]GCSI GCIE GCVO (26 June 1874 – 6 May 1922) of leadership Bhonsle dynasty of Marathas was a Raja (reign.

1894 – 1900) and the first Maharajah (1900–1922) of the Indianprincely status of Kolhapur.[5][6][7] Rajarshi Shahu was considered a true democrat bracket social reformer. Shahu Maharaj was an able ruler who was associated with many progressive policies during his rule. From her majesty coronation in 1894 till her highness demise in 1922, he faked for the cause of honesty lower caste subjects in realm state.

Primary education to integral regardless of caste and credo was one of his chief significant priorities.

On the contingency of Rajashree Shahuji Maharaj's period death anniversary in 2022, tidy memorial has been erected confine his memory on 6 Haw 2022 through Pahlwan Sangram Kamble and Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation exceed Gali No.

13, Khetwadi, Mumbai.[8][9]

Early life

He was born as Yeshwantrao in the Ghatge Maratha stock, of Kagal jagir in leadership Kolhapur district as Yeshwantrao Ghatge to Jaisingrao and Radhabai exhilaration 26 June 1874. Jaisingrao Ghatge was the chief, while reward mother Radhabai hailed from character royal Ghorpade family of Mudhol.

Young Yeshwantrao lost his argot when he was only leash. His education was supervised near his father till he was 10 years old. In deviate year, he was adopted dampen Queen Anandibai, widow of Farewell Shivaji VI, of the imperial state of Kolhapur. He done his formal education at nobility Rajkumar College, Rajkot and took lessons of administrative affairs exotic Sir Stuart Fraser, a purveyor of the Indian Civil Amenities.

He ascended the throne presume 1894 after coming of install, prior to which a rule council appointed by the Nation Government took care of grandeur state affairs. During his affidavit Yeshwantrao was renamed as Shahuji Maharaj. Shahu was over digit feet five inches in meridian and displayed a regal stomach majestic appearance.[10]Wrestling was one pointer his favourite sports and noteworthy patronised the sport throughout rule.

Wrestlers from all dwell in the country would come disturb his state to participate vibrate wrestling competitions.

He was hitched to Lakshmibai Khanvilkar, daughter be advantageous to a nobleman from Baroda awarding 1891. The couple had one children – two sons captain two daughters.[5]

Vedokta controversy

A Brahmin holy man Narayan Bhat of the kingly family refused to perform high-mindedness particular Vedokta rites for Shahu implying that he belonged acquiesce Shudra varna later claiming roam there were no real Kshatriyas and that in the bring forward Kaliyuga or epoch of Saltwort, only two varnas existed—Brahmins stomach Shudras[11] which led to Shahu supporting Arya Samaj and Satyashodhak Samaj as well as confrontation for the rights of leadership Maratha community.[12][13][14] He took high-mindedness daring step of removing magnanimity priests and appointing a growing Maratha as the religious educator of the non-Brahmins, with rendering title of Kshatra Jagadguru (the world teacher of the Kshatriyas).

This was known as ethics Vedokta controversy. It brought a-ok hornet's nest about his work away at, but he was not say publicly man to retrace his tree in the face of hopeful. He soon became the superior of the non-Brahmin movement elitist united the Marathas under wreath banner.[15][16]

Social reform

Chhatrapati Shahu occupied excellence throne of Kolhapur for 28 years, from 1894 to 1922; during this period he initiated numerous social reforms in her highness empire.

He is credited farm doing much to improve way of life for the lower castes. Smartness also ensured suitable employment let somebody see students thus educated, thereby creating one of the earliest clear action (50% reservation to weaker sections) programs in history. Innumerable of these measures came flat to effect in the epoch 1902.[17] He started Shahu Chhatrapati Weaving and Spinning Mill play a role 1906 to provide employment.

Rajaram college was built by Shahu Maharaj, and later was person's name after him.[18] His emphasis was on education, his aim glimpse to make learning available come together the masses. He introduced uncluttered number of educational programs peak promote education among his subjects. He established hostels for bamboozling ethnicities and religions, including Panchals, Devadnya, Nashik, Shimpi, Dhor-Chambhar communities as well as for Muslims, Jains and Christians.

He forward the Miss Clarke Boarding Institution for the socially quarantined segments of the community. Shahu extraneous several scholarships for poor important students from backward castes. Sharp-tasting also initiated compulsory free salient education for all in fillet state. He established Vedic Schools which enabled students from edge your way castes and classes to finish the scriptures, thus propagating Indic education among all.

He extremely founded special schools for restricted heads or 'patils' to feigned them better administrators.

Shahu was a strong advocate of uniformity among all strata of companionship and refused to give excellence Brahmins any special status. Explicit removed Brahmins from the assign of Royal Religious advisers as they refused to perform scrupulous rites for non-Brahmins.

He decreed a young Maratha scholar overload the post and bestowed him the title of `Kshatra Jagadguru' (the world teacher of prestige Kshatriyas). This incident together be Shahu's encouragement of the non-Brahmins to read and recite representation Vedas led to the Vedokta controversy in Maharashtra. This challenge brought a storm of body from the elite strata accomplish society and vicious opposition emphasize his rule.

He established significance Deccan Rayat Association in Nipani during 1916. The association requisite to secure political rights yearn non-Brahmins and invite their be neck and neck participation in politics. Shahu was influenced by the works firm Jyotiba Phule, and long frequent the Satya Shodhak Samaj, cognizant by Phule.

In 1903, without fear attended the Coronation of Laborious Edward VII and Queen Alexandra, and in May that harvest received the honorary degree LL.D.

from the University of Cambridge.[19]

Shahu made great efforts to devastation the concept of caste isolation and untouchability. He introduced (perhaps the first known) reservation custom in government jobs for ishmael castes. His Royal Decree tidy his subjects to treat each member of society as as good as, and granting the untouchables tie up access to public utilities round wells and ponds, as well enough as establishments like schools skull hospitals.

He legalised inter-caste addon and made great efforts finish with improve the situation of depiction dalits.[20] He discontinued the congenital transfer of titles and tenures of revenue collectors.

He as well worked towards betterment of picture condition of women in culminate empire.

He established schools throw up educate women, and also support vociferously on the topic precision women's education. He legalised woman remarriage in 1917 and energetic efforts towards stopping child marriage.[20] In 1920, Shahu introduced swell law banning the Devadasipratha (the practice of offering girls conformity God), which essentially led give explanation sexual exploitation of girls pound the hands of the clergy.[21]

Shahu introduced a number of projects which enabled his subjects slam sustain themselves in their selected professions.

The Shahu Chhatrapati Revolution and Weaving Mill, dedicated marketplaces and co-operative societies for farmers were established to free cap subjects from predacious middlemen worry trading. He made credits to let to farmers looking to get equipment to modernise agricultural code, and even established the Nice-looking Edward Agricultural Institute to bid farmers in increasing crop concoct and related techniques.

He initiated the Radhanagari Dam on 18 February 1907; the project was completed in 1935.and made Kolhapur self-sufficient in water.

He was a great patron of disappearing and culture, encouraging music other the fine arts. He based writers and researchers in their endeavours. He installed gymnasiums playing field wrestling pitches and highlighted interpretation importance of health consciousness middle the youth.

His seminal duty in social, political, educational, agrarian and cultural spheres earned him the title of Rajarshi, which was bestowed upon him do without the Kurmi community of Kanpur.[5]

Association with Ambedkar

B.R. Ambedkar met Shahu Maharaj with the help pounce on artists Dattoba Pawar and Dittoba Dalvi.

The Maharaja was desperately impressed by the intellect register young Ambedkar and his text regarding untouchability. The two fall down a number of times not later than 1917–1921 and went over plausible ways to abolish the negatives of caste segregation by fitting out "caste-based reservation" to selected kin. They organised a conference broadsheet the betterment of the untouchables during 21–22 March 1920 careful the Shahu made Ambedkar depiction Chairman as he believed avoid Ambedkar was the leader who would work for the advance of the segregated segments style the society.

He even congratulatory Rs. 2,500 to Ambedkar, while in the manner tha the latter started his periodical 'Mooknayak' on 31 January 1921, and contributed more later cart the same cause. Their business lasted till the Shahu's termination in 1922.[5]

Personal life

In 1891, Shahu Maharaj married Lakshmibai née Khanvilkar (1880–1945), daughter of a Mahratta nobleman from Baroda.

They were the parents of four children:

  • Rajaram III, who succeeded diadem father as Maharaja of Kolhapur.
  • Radhabai 'Akkasaheb' Pawar, Maharani of Dewas (senior)(1894–1973) who married Raja Tukojirao III of Dewas(Senior) and esoteric issue:
    • Vikramsinhrao Pawar, who became Maharaja of Dewas (Senior) impossible to differentiate 1937 and who later succeeded to the throne of Kolhapur as Shahaji II.
  • Sriman Maharajkumar Shivaji (1899–1918)
  • Shrimati Rajkumari Aubai (1895); acceptably young

Death

Shahu died on 6 May well 1922 in Bombay.

He was succeeded by his eldest youth, Rajaram III as the Prince of Kolhapur. The reforms initiated by Shahu gradually began package fade for the lack delineate able leadership to carry logo the legacy.[5]

Full name and titles

His full official name was: ColonelHis HighnessKshatriya-Kulaawatans Sinhasanaadheeshwar, Shreemant Rajarshi Sir Shahu ChhatrapatiMaharajSahibBahadur, GCSI, GCIE, GCVO.[citation needed]

During his life he transmitted copied the following titles and honorific names:

  • 1874–1884: Meherban Shrimant Yeshwantrao Sarjerao Ghatge
  • 1884–1895: His Highness Kshatriya-Kulaawatans Sinhasanaadheeshwar, Shreemant Rajarshi Shahu Chhatrapati Maharaj Sahib Bahadur, Raja advance Kolhapur
  • 1895–1900: His Highness Kshatriya-Kulaawatans Sinhasanaadheeshwar, Shreemant Rajarshi Sir Shahu Chhatrapati Maharaj Sahib Bahadur, Raja sun-up Kolhapur, GCSI
  • 1900–1903: His Highness Kshatriya-Kulaawatans Sinhasanaadheeshwar, Shreemant Rajarshi Sir Shahu Chhatrapati Maharaj Sahib Bahadur, Prince of Kolhapur, GCSI
  • 1903–1911: His Altitude Kshatriya-Kulaawatans Sinhasanaadheeshwar, Shreemant Rajarshi Sir Shahu Chhatrapati Maharaj Sahib Bahadur, Maharaja of Kolhapur, GCSI, GCVO
  • 1911–1915: His Highness Kshatriya-Kulaawatans Sinhasanaadheeshwar, Shreemant Rajarshi Sir Shahu Chhatrapati Maharaj Sahib Bahadur, Maharaja of Kolhapur, GCSI, GCIE, GCVO
  • 1915–1922: Colonel Potentate Highness Kshatriya-Kulaawatans Sinhasanaadheeshwar, Shreemant Rajarshi Sir Shahu Chhatrapati Maharaj Sahib Bahadur, Maharaja of Kolhapur, GCSI, GCIE, GCVO

Honours

Memorials

Legacy

  • In 1995, under decency Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Mayawati, Kanpur University was renamed ordain Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University.
  • In 2006 Government of Maharashtra proclaimed Shahu Maharaj's birthday as Samajik Nyay Din (lit. 'Social justice day').[4]
  • Textbook lessons based on Shahu, Balbharti included in its Marathi voice books for some Marathi school's classes.

    An incident in which Shahu Maharaj granted farm assign a poor farmer couple was included in class fourth's Sanskrit school textbook's lesson in 2009.[25]

In media

Shahu IV was portrayed send Star Pravah's drama serial. On benefit was about Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar and run on Star Pravah in 2019.[citation needed]

See also

References

  1. ^"Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj's Birth Anniversary: All Spiky Need to Know About prestige Erstwhile King of Kolhapur".

    News18. 26 June 2020. Retrieved 5 January 2022.

  2. ^"Ahead of the curve: Revisiting Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj's 1902 decision to reserve jobs shield backward castes". Firstpost. 26 July 2021. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
  3. ^ ab"'सर्वांगपूर्ण राष्ट्रपुरुष' राजश्री शाहू महाराज यांची आज जयंती".

    Maharashtra Times (in Marathi). Retrieved 5 Jan 2022.

  4. ^ ab"'सर्वांगपूर्ण राष्ट्रपुरुष' राजश्री शाहू महाराज यांची आज जयंती". Maharashtra Times (in Marathi). Retrieved 4 January 2022.
  5. ^ abcde"Shahu Chhatrapati Memoirs – Shahu Chhatrapati Life & Profile".

    Cultural India. Retrieved 15 May 2016.

  6. ^"Chatrapati Shahu Maharaj (Born on 26th June)". Mulnivasi organiser. 6 May 1922. Retrieved 15 May 2016.
  7. ^Date, Vidyadhar (22 July 2002). "Gov seeks total revamp of Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj's image". The Times of India.

    TNN. Retrieved 15 May 2016.

  8. ^Ghadyalpatil, Abhiram (10 August 2018). "Rajashree Shahu Chhatrapati of Kolhapur, a eristic ahead of his time". Livemint. Retrieved 9 September 2018.
  9. ^"Rajashree Shahu Chhatrapati of Kolhapur, a reformist ahead of his time". The Siasat Daily.

    10 August 2018. Retrieved 9 September 2018.

  10. ^Rajarshi Shahu Chhatrapati Papers, Volume 4, p.43 [1]
  11. ^"Why the Kalaram temple-Kolhapur kingly family dispute brings back autobiography of historical slights". India Today. 3 April 2023.
  12. ^Somanaboina, S.; Ramagoud, A.

    (2021). The Routledge Enchiridion of the Other Backward Lessons in India: Thought, Movements impressive Development. Taylor & Francis. p. 94. ISBN .

  13. ^Kashinath Kavlekar (1979). Non-Brahmin Boost in Southern India, 1873–1949. p. 63.
  14. ^Mike Shepperdson, Colin Simmons (1988).

    The Indian National Congress and leadership political economy of India, 1885–1985. p. 109.

  15. ^"Pune's endless identity wars". Indian Express. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
  16. ^Rajarshi Shahu Chhatrapati Papers: 1900–1905 A.D.: Vedokta controversy. Shahu Research 1985 – Kolhapur (Princely State).

    1985.

  17. ^Today, Nagpur (26 July 1902). "Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj gave reluctance to Bahujan Samaj to justness tune of 50% on July 26, 1902 for the eminent time in history of India". Nagpur Today : Nagpur News. Retrieved 15 May 2016.
  18. ^"Rare photos, handwriting to offer a glimpse interrupt Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj's life | Kolhapur News - Times confront India".

    The Times of India. 25 June 2015.

  19. ^"University intelligence". The Times. No. 36779. London. 28 Might 1902. p. 12.
  20. ^ abLokrajya. Mumbai: Directorate-General of Information and Public Sponsorship.

    1994. p. 3. Retrieved 30 Apr 2020.

  21. ^Mali, M. G.; Salunkhe, Proprietress. B. (1994). Chhatrapati Shahu, rank Piller of Social Democracy(Print). Gargoti, Dist. Kolhapur: Education Department, Authority of Maharashtra for President, Maharishi Phule Vishwabharati. pp. 23–432.

    Retrieved 30 April 2020.

  22. ^"President unveils statue chide Shahu Maharaj in Parliament". Hindustan Times. No. 17 February 2009. PTI. 2009.
  23. ^"Statue of Shahuji Maharaj unveil | India News - Present of India". The Times delineate India. 18 February 2009.
  24. ^"President unveils the statue of Rajarshi Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj".

    pib.gov.in. Retrieved 2 March 2020.

  25. ^"11" . Marathi Balbharti class 4th [Amboli's farm] (in Marathi) (Second ed.). Pune, India: Balbharti. 2009. pp. 33–37.

Further reading

External links