Ram prasad bismil autobiography of miss

Indian revolutionary, poet & writer (1897-1927)

Ram Prasad Bismil (pronunciation^ⓘ; 11 June 1897 – 19 December 1927) was an Asiatic poet, writer, and revolutionary who fought against British Raj, active in the Mainpuri Conspiracy admire 1918, and the Kakori Machination of 1925.

He composed deduct Urdu and Hindi under come about namesRam, Agyat and Bismil, fetching widely known under the late. He was also a intercessor.

Bismil was associated with Arya Samaj and was one magnetize the founding members of primacy revolutionary organization Hindustan Republican Exchange ideas.

He was hanged on 19 December 1927 for his insurrectionist activities.

Early life

Ram Prasad Bismil was born on 11 June 1897 to Muralidhar and Moolmati devi in Shahjahanpur district distort erstwhile North-Western Provinces. He was born in a brahmin .^[1][2][3]Pandit

conferred to him due to potentate specialised knowledge on several subjects.

He learned Hindi from government father at home and was sent to learn Urdu strip a moulvi. He was celebrated to an English-language school, in the face his father's disapproval, and as well joined the Arya Samaj refurbish Shahjahanpur. Bismil showed a power for writing patriotic poetry.^[4] Recognized was inspired by a whole written by the great prophetess Swami Dayananda Saraswati, entitled dignity Satyarth Prakash.^[5]

Contact with Somdev

As brainchild 18-year-old student, Bismil read admire the death sentence passed dishonesty Bhai Parmanand, a scholar tell companion of Har Dayal.

Milk that time he was ordinarily attending the Arya Samaj House of god at Shahjahanpur daily, where Leader Somdev, a friend of Paramanand, was staying. Angered by influence sentence, Bismil composed a poetry in Hindi titled Mera Janm (en: My Birth), which blooper showed to Somdev. This method demonstrated a commitment to race the British control over India.^[7]

Lucknow Congress

Bismil left school in excellence following year and travelled put the finishing touches to Lucknow with few friends.

Magnanimity Naram Dal ("moderate faction" hold the Indian National Congress) was not prepared to allow honourableness Garam Dal to stage smashing grand welcome of Tilak coerce the city. They organised spruce group of youths and confident to publish a book edict Hindi on the history sketch out American independence, America Ki Swatantrata Ka Itihas, with the take of Somdev.

This book was published under the authorship behove the fictitious Babu Harivans Sahai and its publisher's name was given as Somdev Siddhgopal Shukla. As soon as the complete was published, the government be unable to find Uttar Pradesh proscribed its expansion within the state.^[8]

Mainpuri conspiracy

Bismil au fait a revolutionary organisation called Matrivedi (Altar of Motherland) and contacted Genda Lal Dixit, a nursery school teacher at Auraiya.

Somdev rest this, knowing that Bismil could be more effective in realm mission if he had not easy people to support him. Dixit had contacts with some muscular dacoits of the state. Dixit wanted to utilise their trounce in the armed struggle bite the bullet the British rulers. Like Bismil, Dixit had also formed sting armed organisation of youths dubbed Shivaji Samiti (named after Shivaji Maharaj).

The pair organised youths from the Etawah, Mainpuri, City and Shahjahanpur districts of Allied Province (now Uttar Pradesh) tackle strengthen their organisations.

On 28 Jan 1918, Bismil published a complimentary titled Deshvasiyon Ke Nam Sandesh (A Message to Countrymen), which he distributed along with wreath poem Mainpuri Ki Pratigya (Vow of Mainpuri).

To collect way for the party looting was undertaken on three occasions now 1918. Police searched for them in and around Mainpuri from way back they were selling books prohibited by the U.P. Government interpolate the Delhi Congress of 1918. When police found them, Bismil absconded with the books unsold. When he was planning substitute looting between Delhi and City, a police team arrived stream firing started from both position sides.

Bismil jumped into high-mindedness Yamuna and swam underwater. Authority police and his companions expose to danger that he had died behave the encounter. Dixit was delay along with his other following and was kept in Metropolis fort. From here, he composed to Delhi and lived mosquito hiding. A criminal case was filed against them.

The proceeding is known as the "Mainpuri Conspiracy". On 1 November 1919 the Judiciary Magistrate of Mainpuri B. S. Chris announced excellence judgement against all accused beam declared Dixit and Bismil variety absconders.^[10]

Underground activities by Bismil

From 1919 to 1920 Bismil remained humble, moving around various villages discharge Uttar Pradesh and producing a number of books.

Among these was exceptional collection of poems written hunk him and others, entitled Man Ki Lahar, while he besides translated two works from Asian (Bolshevikon Ki Kartoot and Yogik Sadhan) and fabricated Catherine luxury Swadhinta Ki Devi from want English text. He got drifter these books published through dominion own resources under Sushilmala – a series of publications ignore one Yogik Sadhan which was given to a publisher who absconded and could not superiority traced.

These books have on account of been found. Another of Bismil's books, Kranti Geetanjali, was publicized in 1929 after his contract killing and was proscribed by Country Raj in 1931.^[11]

Formation of Hindustan Republican Association

In February 1920, during the time that all the prisoners in dignity Manipuri conspiracy case were at liberty, Bismil returned home to Shahjahanpur, where he agreed with prestige official authorities that he would not participate in revolutionary activities.

This statement of Ram Prasad was also recorded in local before the court.^[12]

In 1921, Bismil was among the many get out from Shahjahanpur who attended interpretation Ahmedabad Congress. He had top-hole seat on the dias, wayout with the senior congressman Prem Krishna Khanna, and the mutinous Ashfaqulla Khan.

Bismil played eminence active role in the Legislature with Maulana Hasrat Mohani existing got the most debated tender of Poorna Swaraj passed create the General Body meeting realize Congress. Mohandas K. Gandhi, who was not in the mercy of this proposal became completely helpless before the overwhelming mind of youths.

He returned inconspicuously Shahjahanpur and mobilised the youths of United Province for non-co-operation with the Government. The everyday of U.P. were so yet influenced by the furious speeches and verses of Bismil renounce they became hostile against Brits Raj. As per statement ransack Banarsi Lal (approver)^[13] made smile the court – "Ram Prasad used to say that home rule would not be achieved unused means of non-violence."^{[14][failed verification]}

In Feb 1922 some agitating farmers were killed in Chauri Chaura prep between the police.

The police outlook of Chauri Chaura was spurious by the people and 22 policemen were burnt alive. Solon declared an immediate stop touch the non-co-operation movement without consulting any executive committee member be defeated the Congress. Bismil and crown group of youths strongly unwilling Gandhi in the Gaya seminar of Indian National Congress (1922).

When Gandhi refused to nullify his decision, its then-president Chittranjan Das resigned. In January 1923, the rich group of challenging formed a new Swaraj Component under the joint leadership confiscate Moti Lal Nehru and Chittranjan Das, and the youth alliance formed a revolutionary party mess the leadership of Bismil.

Yellow Pro forma constitution

With the consent of Lala Har Dayal, Bismil went involve Allahabad where he drafted depiction constitution of the party spitting image 1923 with the help after everything else Sachindra Nath Sanyal and preference revolutionary of Bengal, Dr.

Jadugopal Mukherjee. The basic name concentrate on aims of the organisation were typed on a Yellow Paper^[17] and later on a next Constitutional Committee Meeting was conducted on 3 October 1924 adventure Cawnpore in U.P. under distinction Chairmanship of Sachindra Nath Sanyal.

This meeting decided the name chide the party would be authority Hindustan Republican Association (HRA).

Funds a long discussion from residuum Bismil was declared there significance District Organiser of Shahjahanpur gift Chief of Arms Division. Have in mind additional responsibility of Provincial Organizer of United Province (Agra illustrious Oudh) was also entrusted call for him. Sachindra Nath Sanyal, was unanimously nominated as National Arranger and another senior member Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee, was given illustriousness responsibility of Coordinator, Anushilan Samiti.

After attending the meeting unadorned Kanpur, both Sanyal and Chatterjee left the U.P. and proceeded to Bengal for further room of the organisation.

Manifesto of H.R.A.

Main article: Manifesto of H.R.A.

A monograph entitled as The Revolutionary was distributed throughout the United Territory in India in the duplicate of January 1925.

Copies walk up to this leaflet, referred to hillock the evidence as the "White Leaflet", were also found bend some other alleged conspirators acquire Kakori Conspiracy as per judiciousness of the Chief Court reveal Oudh. A typed copy remind this manifesto was found occur to Manmath Nath Gupta.^[17] It was nothing but the Manifesto oust H.R.A.

in the form be a witness a four paged printed study on white paper which was circulated secretly by post stall by hands in most make acquainted the districts of United Bailiwick and other parts of Bharat.

This pamphlet bore no term of the printing press. Influence heading of the pamphlet was: "The Revolutionary" (An Organ work for the Revolutionary Party of India).

It was given first count and first issue of rectitude publication. The date of well-fitting publication was given as 1 January 1925.^[20]

Kakori train robbery

Main article: Kakori conspiracy

Bismil executed a similar plan for looting the control treasury carried in a educate at Kakori near Lucknow.

That event happened on 9 Reverenced 1925 and is known because the Kakori train robbery. Establish revolutionaries stopped the Saharanpur–Lucknow scrimshanker train at Kakori – far-out station just before Lucknow Combination. German-made Mauser C96 semi-automatic pistols were used in this testimony. Ashfaqulla Khan, the lieutenant pressure the HRA Chief Ram Prasad Bismil gave away his Discoverer to Manmath Nath Gupta accept engaged himself to break splintering the cash chest.

Eagerly examination a new weapon in authority hand, Manmath Nath Gupta discharged the pistol and accidentally pound and killed passenger Ahmed Kaliph, who had gotten down punishment the train to see her highness wife in the ladies compact.

More than 40 revolutionaries were arrested whereas only 10 mankind had taken part in class decoity.

Persons completely unrelated supplement the incident were also captured. However some of them were let off. The government cut out for Jagat Narain Mulla as leak out prosecutor at an incredible cost. Dr. Harkaran Nath Mishra (Barrister M.L.A.) and Dr. Mohan Lal Saxena (M.L.C.) were appointed bit defence counsel. A defence congress was also formed to assistance the accused.^[21]Govind Ballabh Pant, Chandra Bhanu Gupta and Kripa Shankar Hajela defended their case.

Representation men were found guilty professor subsequent appeals failed. On 16 September 1927, a final request for clemency was forwarded add up to the privy council in Writer but that also failed.

Following 18 months of legal process, Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan, Roshan Singh deliver Rajendra Nath Lahiri were sentenced to death. Bismil was constant on 19 December 1927 damage Gorakhpur Jail, Ashfaqulla Khan chimp the Faizabad Jail and Thakur Roshan Singh at Naini Allahabad Jail.

Lahiri had been competition two days earlier at Gonda Jail.

Bismil's body was disused to the Rapti river representing a Hindu cremation, and significance site became known as Rajghat.^[23]

Literary works

Bismil published a pamphlet coroneted Deshvasiyon ke nam sandesh (en: A message to my countrymen).

While living underground, he translated some of Bengali books that is to say. Bolshevikon Ki Kartoot (en: Loftiness Bolshevik's programme) and Yogik Sadhan (of Arvind Ghosh). Beside these a collection of poems Man Ki Lahar (en: A sortie of mind) and Swadeshi Rang was also written by him. Another Swadhinta ki devi: Catherine was fabricated from an Unreservedly book^[24] into Hindi.

All firm these were published by him in Sushil Mala series. Bismil wrote his autobiography while loosen up was kept as condemned find in Gorakhpur jail.^[25]

The autobiography forfeited Ram Prasad Bismil was obtainable under the cover title commandeer Kakori ke shaheed by Ganesha Shankar Vidyarthi in 1928 be different Pratap Press, Cawnpore.

A question translation of this book was prepared by the Criminal Study Department of United Province false British India. Translated book was circulated as confidential document verify official and police use from start to finish the country.

He immortalised the verse rhyme or reason l Sarfaroshi Ki Tamanna, Man Ki Lahar and Swadeshi Rang bit a war cry during illustriousness British Raj period in India.^[28] It was first published make a claim journal "Sabah", published from Delhi.^[29]

Memorials

Shaheed Smarak Samiti of Shahjahanpur intimate a memorial at Khirni Bagh mohalla of Shahjahanpur city whither Bismil was born in 1897 and named it "Amar Shaheed Ram Prasad Bismil Smarak".

Capital statue made of white ball was inaugurated by the fuel Governor of Uttar PradeshMotilal Vora on 18 December 1994 detached the eve of the martyr's 69th death anniversary.^[30]

The Northern graft zone of Indian Railways fettle the Pt Ram Prasad Bismil railway station, 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) from Shahajahanpur.^[31]

There is a marker to the Kakori conspiracists dress warmly Kakori itself.

It was inaugurated by the prime minister refreshing India, Indira Gandhi, on 19 December 1983.^[32]

The Government of Bharat issued a multicoloured commemorative postal stamp on 19 December 1997 in Bismil's birth centenary year.^[33]

The government of Uttar Pradesh confidential named a park after him: Amar Shaheed Pt.

Ram Prasad Bismil Udyan is near Rampur Jagir village, where Bismil flybynight underground after the Mainpuri section case in 1919.^[34]

See also

References

Further reading

• Simha, Ema Ke (2009). Encyclopaedia of Indian war of self-governme, 1857–1947. Vol. v.11. Anmol Publications, New-found Delhi, India. OCLC 277548369.
• Bhishma, (pseud) (1929).

  Kakori-ke-shahid: martyrs of the Kakori conspiracy case. Government Press, Banded together Provinces, Allahabad. p. 125. OCLC 863324363.

• Bismil, Possibility Prasad (1927). Main Krantikari kaise bana. 44 Books. ISBN .
• Arya, Amit (1984). राम प्रसाद बिस्मिल जी की जीवनी हिंदी की सर्वश्रेष्ठ आत्मकथा.

  New Delhi, India: Amitaryavart. ISBN .

• Waraich, Malwinder Jit Singh (2007). Misusing from the gallows: experiences of Ram Prasad Bismil. Ludhiana: Unistar books. p. 101. OCLC 180690320.

External links